A Brief History of Treating Snakebites
Snakebites have been feared — and treated — for thousands of years. In ancient Egypt and India, healers used herbal poultices and ritual chants. In the 19th century, people tried cutting the bite and “sucking out” venom, a practice now discouraged. Antivenom therapy began in the late 1800s, pioneered by French scientist Albert Calmette, and remains the gold standard today.
What Snake Venom Does to the Body
Venomous snakes inject a mix of proteins and enzymes designed to immobilize prey. Neurotoxic venom attacks the nervous system, causing paralysis and respiratory failure, while hemotoxic venom damages blood vessels and tissue, leading to internal bleeding and necrosis. Some species have venom that combines both effects, making them particularly deadly.
Current Protocol for Treating Snakebites
If bitten, victims should stay as still as possible, keep the bite below heart level, and seek immediate medical help. Pressure immobilization may be used for neurotoxic bites. Hospitals administer the correct antivenom, along with fluids, pain management, and, if needed, respiratory support.
The New Nasal Spray Breakthrough
Researchers are testing a nasal spray that blocks paralysis caused by neurotoxic venom. The spray works by delivering a fast-acting drug directly to the brain via the nasal passage, buying precious time for patients far from hospitals. Early trials in animals show promise, and human trials are underway.
Top 5 Most Venomous Snakes in the World
- Inland Taipan – Australia; most toxic venom known, but shy.
- Eastern Brown Snake – Australia; fast and aggressive if threatened.
- Coastal Taipan – Australia and Papua New Guinea; potent neurotoxin.
- Black Mamba – Africa; extremely fast with lethal neurotoxic venom.
- Tiger Snake – Southern Australia; powerful mix of neurotoxic and coagulant effects.
Deadly but fascinating, snakes remind us why science — and swift action — save lives.
